Advent of Islam in Indian Sub-continent

Introduction

• Since its first appearance Islam has a close relation with Indian sub-continent
• Arab traders been coming to Indian shore to cell their goods
• The earlier contacts of the muslims with the individuals of Malabar coast dates back to the reign of Umer ( R.A ) the Second Pious Caliph from 634-644
• Arabs were famous for their fair dealings in business . They left their ever lasting of piety and simplicity on Indian population
• Kiring Noor ( a ruler of a small state ) was the first Indian who embraced Islam due to the preaching of " Sheikh Sharaf Bin Malik "
• First battle between the muslims and Indians was fought in the reign of Umer (R.A)
• Sarqafi the governor of Oman sent his troops to " Thana " and " Barouch " a small sea port near Bombay.

Muslims conquests in Sub – Continent

1st phase :

• Ummayyad Dynasty ( Al Malik- ibn - abd - al - Malik )
• Sindh was ruled by a cruel ruler Raja Dahir
• The king of Ceylon sent few vessels carrying some muslim women born in Ceylon along with the gifts from Hajjaj Bin Yousaf
• Ship was attacked by pirates of Dahir
• Hajjaj as a strict administrator ordered to let them free but Dahir refused

Muhammad Bin Qasim The Successor

• Hajjaj sent many troops to punish Raja Dahir but all failed At last Muhammad Bin Qasim ( Son - In - Law ) was sent to fight against Dahir
• Muhammad bin Qasim was well equipped and was containing brave soldiers
• He marched towards Deabul Via Makran
• Muhammad Bin Qasim Challenged Raja Dahir for a battle in 712 A.D
• Muhammad Bin Qasim defeated Raja Dahir in battles of Debal and Rawar
• As the large no of man died in battle so women burned themselves according to the Hindu customs
• Though he kept taking over the possession of areas such as Barhama Abad , ( near Rohrdi ) , then Multan
• The inhabitants of Multan fought for 2 months at last they lost and the entire possession of Multan handed over to Muhammad Bin Qasim .
• He ruled Sindh for about 3 years
• It was said that he gave religious rights to all peoples
• The civil security and religious rights were guaranteed , as he said that your temples will be safe and secure as all others religious groups
• It was said that his humble behaviour was the reason locals converted to Islam even though they were free to spent their life according to their religion

Sindh - THE " BAB - UL – ISLAM

2nd Phase :

–        Establishment of Turkish muslim dynasty " Ghazni “

–        Mahmud of Ghazni was son of " Subuktigin "

–        17 invasions from 1000-1026

–        Titled as " Idol Breaker " .

3rd Phase :

–        Ghori subdued the Indus valley in 1185

–        Muslim power was spreaded in North west India , Bihar , Bengal and Central Asia

4th Phase :

–        Delhi Sultanate was established after the death of Muhammad Ghori

–        It remained from 1192-1526

5th phase :

–        Babur Invaded India

–        Established Mughal Empire

–        40 sultans ruled Delhi during the Sultanate period .